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The use of ultrasound scanning in pregnancy is referred to as Obstetric Ultrasound. Since its introduction in the late 1950s, Obstetric Ultrasound has become a useful diagnostic tool. It is used to “”see”" the fetus in its mother’s womb. In some countries, routine pregnancy ultrasound scans are performed to identify potential defects before birth.

Research indicates that pregnancy ultrasound is safe for the unborn child, unlike radiographs, which use ionizing radiation. Real-time scanners form a continuous picture of the moving fetus on a monitor screen. Very high frequency sound waves of between 3.5 to 7.0 megahertz are generally used for this purpose. They are released from a transducer, which is placed in contact with the maternal abdomen, and is moved around to “”look at”" any particular aspect of the uterus.

Recurring ultrasound beams scan the fetus and are reflected back onto the same transducer. The information obtained from different reflections is recomposed back into a picture on the display screen. The sex of the baby can generally be determined after 16 weeks, depending upon the sonographic machine and aptitude of the operator. Movements such as fetal heartbeat and malformations in the fetus can be gauged and measurements can be made accurately on the images displayed on the screen. Structural abnormalities in the fetus can be dependably diagnosed by an ultrasound scan, and these can usually be performed before 20 weeks.

A full bladder ultrasound is often necessary for the procedure when abdominal scanning is performed in early pregnancy. It is a relatively hassle-free, painless and safe procedure although there may be some uncomfortable sensations from pressure on the full bladder. The conducting gel is non-staining but may feel somewhat cold and damp. Otherwise, there is no feeling at all from the ultrasound rays.

The method know as three dimensional ultrasound is used when a woman is in early pregnancy, it provides 3d pictures of the fetus. Most of the time these images are captured and combined and animated to produce a “4d ultrasound scan”.

Three dimensional scanning works in the same way to the normal scanning methods except that the ultrasound pulses can be sent from multiple directions. The ultrasound waves are redirected back then captured to provide info to construct a 3-dimensional image in much the same way as 3d movies. 3 dimesional ultasound scanning was devised by olaf ramm abs stephen smith.

It is important to understand that sonologists around the world have always pictured 3d images of the body in their minds while doing 2d scans. However, until recently it was difficult to do this type of reconstruction on on info using ultrasound. With the advent of baby scans for the first time allowed us a peek into the brain of a sonologist and hence letting us view the images on the ultrasound machine.

The 3d/4d ultrasound image should utilize ultrasound energy following the same limits as conventional 2d ultrasound to create the 3d images. There is no data to suggest any harm due to 3d ultasound scanning, its use in non-medical situations needs to be undertaken with an understanding of the risks that exist.